I agree completely that there is a contradiction, and I am "overthinking" it too. I found the table in the Swedish version of the game ("Svärdets sång", https://freeleaguepublishing.com/sv/gam ... dets-sang/). The quicksand, blocked terrain, lost and downpour mishaps all contain the wording "Ni [...]kommer inte vidare på kartan dette kvartdygn". A word-for-word translation would be: "You [...] come not further on the map this quarter day", hence it seems "progress" should be "further progress" as someone suggested. Hence it seems only fog in difficult terrain will prevent you from entering the new hex, and in the cases of quicksand, blocked terrain and lost you need to pass the tests to make further progress (get out of the hex you just entered).The general rules for the "Lead the Way" action while travelling state that the pathfinder rolls before entering a new hex, but that you enter it regardless of outcome - in case of a failure, the consequence being that you additionally roll on the mishaps table.
But what about mishap results that state you "won't make any progress on the map during this Quarter Day"? Does this only prevent all further travel, i.e. it only affects you if you haven't already used your maximum travel allowance, or does it mean you do not enter the hex you rolled for after all?